architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of conventions, which include particular views (floor plan, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. There are a lot of tools that can be used in the drawing but in the architectural drafting the most and basic tools are classified according to its uses. Here is the some tools in architectural drafting.
Drawing Tools
When drawing by hand, architects use a variety of lead weights and technical ink pens to achieve desired line weights. According to Paul Ross Wallach in Fundamentals of Modern Drafting, line weight determines the type of lead chosen with which to draw. He states, “hard leads are used for fine layout work, medium leads for most object lines, and soft leads for lettering and rendering.” Sketches and drafts are completed with these drawing utensils on vellum (also known as “bum wad”), trace paper, and drawing paper in various thicknesses. Erasers such as ink erasers and gum erasers, as well as electric erasers, all remove erroneous lines from drawings.
Rendering Tools
To complete life-like images, architects rely on the same rendering tools commonly known to artists. These include colored pencils, markers, pastels and watercolors.
Accuracy Tools
In order to convey the correct measurements and proportions, architects draw their building proposals to scale by using tools in a variety of combinations. They rely on t-squares, triangles, compasses, French curves, templates and scales to make lines the correct angle, curvature and length. To draw at the correct angle, t-squares are used for straight lines parallel or perpendicular to the drawing paper edges, and common triangles have edges that form 45-45-90 or 30-60-90 angle degrees. Similarly, an adjustable triangle can be set at a certain degree in order to form any particular angle. Curves are drawn using a compass for circles, whereas templates are usually replied upon for ovals. French curves or bendable rulers arrange specific curves. Additionally, architects rely on different scales to draw lines to the correct length. The most commonly used are the architect’s triangular scale, engineer triangular scale, and a metric scale.
Computer Drafting Tools
With the prevalence of computers and available software programs, many architects have converted to primarily using technological tools for drafting. However, hand drafting may still be used for preliminary sketching and layouts. Software programs allow architects to draft by selecting the type of line they wish to draw and the angle or curvature desired. No longer having to rely on the manual layout of tools, the use of the computer greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of drafting. Programs now exist that allow the architect to design in three dimensions and to create realistic 3-D models and renderings.
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